Geography syllabus for Jamb

SECTION A: Jamb syllabus for Geography - Practical Geography

1. Practical Geography

• Maps
• Scale and measurement of distances, areas reduction and enlargement, direction, bearings and gradients with reference to topographical maps
• Map reading and interpretation; drawing of cross profiles, recognition of intervisibility, recognition and description of physical and human features and relationship as depicted on topographical maps
• Interpretation of statistical data; maps and diagrams
• Elementary Surveying; Chain and prismatic, open and close traverse, procedure, problems advantages and disadvantages
• Geographic Information System (GIS): components, techniques, data sources, applications
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SECTION B: Jamb syllabus for Geography - Physical Geography

2. Physical Geography

• The earth as a plantet:

1. The earth in the solar system, rotation and revolution
2. The shape and size of the earth
3. Latitudes and distances
4. Longitudes and time;

• The Earth Crust:

1. Structure of the earth (internal and external) Relationships among the four spheres
2. Rocks: Types, characteristics, modes of formation and uses
3. Earths' movement: Tectonic forces
4. Major landforms: Mountains, Plateau, Plains, Coastal landform , Karst topography and desert landforms

• Volcanism and Earthquakes:

1. Landfforms associated with volcanic activities
2. Landforms of Igneous Rocks
3. Origin and types of Volcanoes
4. Some volcanic eruptions and Earthquakes

• Denudation processes in the tropics:

1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Mass movement
4. Deposition
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• Water Bodies:

1. Oceans and seas (world distribution, salinity and uses)
2. Ocean current: types, distribution, causes and effects;
3. Lakes: types, distribution and uses
4. Rivers: Action of running water

• Weather and Climate

1. Concept of weather and climate
2. Elements of weather and climate
3. Factors controlling weather and climate (pressure, air mass, altitude, continentality and winds)
4. Classification of climate (Greek and Koppen)
5. Major climate types (Koppen), their characteristics and distribution
6. Measuring and recording weather parameters and instruments used
7. The basic science of climate change

• Vegetation:

1. Factors controlling growth of plants
2. The concept of vegetation e.g plant communities and succession
3. Major types of vegetation, their characteristics and distribution
4. Impact of human activities on vegetation
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• Soil:

1. Definition and properties
2. Factors and processes of formation
3. Soil profiles
4. Major tropical types, their characteristics, distribution and uses;
5. Impact of human activities on solids

• Environmental Resources:

1. Types of resources (atmospheric, land, soil, vegetation and minerals)
2. The concept of renewable and non-renewable resources

• Environmental interaction:

1. Land ecosystem
2. Environment balance and human interaction
3. Effects of human activities on land ecosystem

• Environmental hazards:

1. Natural hazards (droughts, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding)
2. Man-induced (soil erosion, deforestation, pollution, flooding and desertification)

• Environmental Conservation:
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SECTION C: Jamb syllabus for Geography - Human Geography

3. Human Geography

• Population:

1. World population with particular reference to the Amazon Basin, N.E. U.S.A., India, Japan and the West Coast of Southern Africa
2. Characteristics - birth and death rates, ages/sex structures
3. Factors and patterns of population distribution;
4. Factors and problems of population growth

• Settlement with particular reference to Western europe, the USA, Middle East and West Africa:

1. Types and patterns: rural and urban, dispersed, nucleated and linear;
2. Rural settlement: classification, factors of growth and functions;
3. Urban settlement classification, factors of growth and functions
4. Problems of urban centres
5. Interrelationship between rural and urban settlements
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• Selected economic activities:

1. Types of economic activities: primary, secondary, tertiary and quartnary:
2. Agriculture: types, system, factors and problems
3. Manufacturing industries, types, locational factors, distribution and economic importance and problems of industrialization in tropicl Africa
4. Transportation and communication types, roles in economic development and communication in tropical Africa
5. World trade: factors and pattern of world trade, major commodities (origin, routes and destinations)
6. Tourism: definition, importance, location problems and solution
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SECTION D: Jamb syllabus for Geography - Regional Geography

4. Regional Geography

• Broad outline of Nigeria:

1. Location, position, size, political division (states) and peoples
2. Physical setting: geology, relief, landform, climate and drainage, vegetation and soils
3. Population: size, distribution, migration, (types problems and effects)
4. Natural resources: types (minerals, soils, water, vegetation, etc) distribution, uses and Conservation

• Economic and Human Geography:

1. Agricultural Systems: the major crops produced, problems of agricultural development in Nigeria.
2. Manufacturing Industries: factors of location, types of products, marketing and problems associated with manufacturing
3. Transportation and communication: modes of transportation and communication and their relative advantages and disadvantages;
4. Trade: Regional and International Trade, advantages and disadvantages;
5. Tourism: definition, importance, problems and solutions

• ECOWAS

1. Meaning and objectives
2. Member states
3. Advantages and disadvantages
4. Problems and solutions
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