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Jamb(UTME) points and summaries on Population

Nov 08 2024 8:03 PM

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Study Guide

Population points and summaries for Jamb candidates

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Hi scholar, its a good day to start learning some summaries on all key topics in the Jamb Economic syllabus. Poscholars has made life so easy for students who would be writing UTME exams this year. Just believe in yourself you can do it. You can actually have that score you wished for. Its all about your mindset and actions.
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In this post, we have enumerated a good number of points from the topic Population which was extracted from the Jamb syllabus. I would advice you pay attention to each of the point by knowing and understanding them by heart. Happy learning.
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The table of content below will guide you on the related topics pertaining to "Population" you can navigate to the one that captures your interest
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Table of Contents
  1. Jamb(UTME) summaries/points on the meaning of population; analyse some population theories; examine the relevance of population theories to Nigeria
  2. Jamb(UTME) summaries/points identifying the determinants of the size, composition and growth of population; appraise government population policy in Nigeria
  3. Jamb(UTME) summaries/points to analyse the structure and distribution of population; Size and growth: over-population, under- population and optimum population;
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Jamb(UTME) summaries/points on the meaning of population; analyse some population theories; examine the relevance of population theories to Nigeria

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Here are 50 points covering the meaning of population, an analysis of some population theories, and an examination of the relevance of population theories to Nigeria:
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Meaning of Population
  1. Definition of Population: Population refers to the total number of people living in a specific area, such as a country or city.
  2. Demographic Study: Population is studied under demographics, which looks at size, structure, and distribution of people.
  3. Population Density: Measures how many people live per unit area, like per square kilometer or mile.
  4. Birth Rate: The number of births per 1,000 people in a year contributes to population growth.
  5. Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year affects the population size.
  6. Population Growth: Refers to the increase in the number of people over time.
  7. Natural Increase: Population growth occurs when birth rates exceed death rates.
  8. Migration: Movement of people from one place to another can increase or decrease population.
  9. Population Structure: The composition of the population by age, gender, occupation, etc.
  10. Urbanization: The process where more people move from rural to urban areas, changing population distribution.
  11. Fertility Rate: The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime.
  12. Mortality Rate: The rate at which people die in a population, impacting population growth.
  13. Age Distribution: Shows the proportion of different age groups within a population.
  14. Life Expectancy: The average age people are expected to live, which affects population dynamics.
  15. Population Pyramid: A graphical representation of age and gender distribution in a population.
  16. Dependency Ratio: The ratio of dependents (young and elderly) to the working-age population.
  17. Population Explosion: A rapid increase in population, often seen in developing countries.
  18. Carrying Capacity: The maximum population size that the environment can sustainably support.
  19. Zero Population Growth: Occurs when birth rates equal death rates, stabilizing the population size.
  20. Population Control: Efforts to limit or regulate population growth through policies and education.
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Analysis of Some Population Theories
  1. Malthusian Theory: Proposed by Thomas Malthus, it states that population grows faster than food supply, leading to famine and poverty.
  2. Malthus’ Solution: He suggested “moral restraint” (delayed marriage, fewer children) to control population growth.
  3. Criticism of Malthusian Theory: Critics argue that technological advancements have increased food production, countering Malthus' prediction.
  4. Neo-Malthusian Theory: Modern version of Malthusian theory, emphasizing the need for population control to prevent resource depletion.
  5. Demographic Transition Theory: Describes population growth in stages, from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
  6. Four Stages of Demographic Transition: (1) High birth and death rates, (2) Declining death rates, (3) Declining birth rates, and (4) Low birth and death rates.
  7. Application of Demographic Transition: Developed countries are in later stages with slow growth, while developing countries are in earlier stages.
  8. Boserup’s Theory: Proposed by Ester Boserup, it suggests that population growth drives agricultural innovation and productivity.
  9. Criticism of Boserup’s Theory: Critics argue that increased food production can lead to environmental damage.
  10. Optimum Population Theory: Suggests there is an ideal population size that maximizes resources and economic development.
  11. Overpopulation: Occurs when the population exceeds the carrying capacity, causing strain on resources.
  12. Underpopulation: When there are not enough people to utilize available resources fully.
  13. Marxist Population Theory: Karl Marx argued that population issues are a result of unequal wealth distribution, not overpopulation.
  14. Criticism of Marxist Theory: Some argue that resource scarcity is a real issue regardless of wealth distribution.
  15. Population Momentum: Even if birth rates decline, a population can continue to grow due to a large young population.
  16. Carrying Capacity Theory: States that there is a limit to the population size an environment can sustain.
  17. Population Density Theory: Examines the impact of population density on resources, social structure, and health.
  18. Sociological Theories of Population: Focus on how population affects social behavior, crime, and urbanization.
  19. Biological Theories of Population: Explore natural limits on population growth, like diseases and resource scarcity.
  20. Economic Theories of Population: Examine the relationship between population size and economic growth.
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Relevance of Population Theories to Nigeria
  1. Rapid Population Growth: Nigeria experiences high population growth, which aligns with the Malthusian warning about resource strain.
  2. Food Security Issues: Malthusian concerns are relevant as Nigeria struggles to keep food production in line with population growth.
  3. Youthful Population: Nigeria’s large youth population creates potential for economic growth but also increases dependency ratios.
  4. Demographic Transition: Nigeria is in the second stage of the demographic transition, with declining death rates but high birth rates.
  5. Need for Family Planning: Neo-Malthusian principles apply as family planning is necessary to control population growth.
  6. Agricultural Development: Boserup’s theory suggests that Nigeria can innovate in agriculture to support its growing population.
  7. Urbanization Challenges: High population density in cities brings issues like overcrowding and pressure on infrastructure.
  8. Economic Potential: Optimum population theory is relevant, as Nigeria’s young workforce can drive economic growth if managed well.
  9. Environmental Impact: Population theories emphasize the environmental strain Nigeria faces from overpopulation, like deforestation.
  10. Resource Management: Population theories highlight the need for sustainable use of Nigeria’s resources to support future generations.
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Jamb(UTME) summaries/points identifying the determinants of the size, composition and growth of population; appraise government population policy in Nigeria

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Here are 50 points identifying the determinants of the size, composition, and growth of a population, along with an appraisal of government population policy in Nigeria:
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Determinants of the Size, Composition, and Growth of Population
  1. Birth Rate: Higher birth rates lead to population growth, while lower birth rates slow it down.
  2. Death Rate: Low death rates contribute to population growth, especially if birth rates are high.
  3. Fertility Rate: The average number of children per woman impacts population size over time.
  4. Infant Mortality Rate: Lower infant mortality rates mean more children survive, contributing to population growth.
  5. Life Expectancy: Higher life expectancy increases the size of the population as people live longer.
  6. Migration: Movement of people into (immigration) or out of (emigration) a country affects population size.
  7. Marriage Age: Earlier marriage often leads to higher birth rates, while delayed marriage can slow population growth.
  8. Education Level: Educated populations tend to have fewer children, slowing population growth.
  9. Healthcare Quality: Access to good healthcare reduces death rates and promotes population growth.
  10. Availability of Family Planning: Access to contraception helps control birth rates and manage population growth.
  11. Cultural Beliefs: Some cultures encourage large families, which impacts population size and growth.
  12. Religious Beliefs: Religious beliefs can influence family size, as some religions promote larger families.
  13. Economic Conditions: Economic growth can lead to lower birth rates as people focus more on careers.
  14. Employment Opportunities: Access to jobs, especially for women, often leads to lower birth rates.
  15. Urbanization: People in urban areas tend to have smaller families than those in rural areas.
  16. Gender Roles: Societies with traditional gender roles may see higher birth rates.
  17. Government Policies: Policies like family planning initiatives or incentives for small families affect population growth.
  18. Child Mortality Rates: Lower child mortality encourages smaller family sizes as fewer children are lost.
  19. Healthcare Access: Better healthcare reduces mortality rates and promotes population growth.
  20. Economic Development: More developed countries tend to have lower birth rates and slower population growth.
  21. Level of Industrialization: Industrialized nations often experience slower population growth due to changing lifestyles.
  22. Nutritional Standards: Better nutrition improves life expectancy, leading to population growth.
  23. Public Health Initiatives: Programs like vaccinations reduce mortality rates, impacting population growth.
  24. Educational Attainment of Women: Educated women typically have fewer children, reducing growth rates.
  25. Population Density: High population density can encourage smaller family sizes due to limited space.
  26. Cost of Living: High living costs in urban areas may discourage large families.
  27. Age Structure: A younger population with many in reproductive age will likely grow faster.
  28. War and Conflict: Wars and conflicts reduce population size through displacement and loss of life.
  29. Natural Disasters: Frequent natural disasters can reduce population growth due to displacement and fatalities.
  30. Technological Advances: Medical technology advancements increase life expectancy, impacting population size.
  31. Globalization: Global influences can affect family size preferences and population growth.
  32. Availability of Clean Water: Access to clean water reduces health risks, contributing to population growth.
  33. Agricultural Productivity: Food security supports population growth by improving health and reducing mortality.
  34. Environmental Conditions: Harsh climates or poor environmental conditions may slow population growth.
  35. Housing Availability: Adequate housing can encourage population growth, especially in urban areas.
  36. Social Security Systems: Countries with social security often have lower birth rates, as people don’t rely on children for support.
  37. Child Labor: In regions where child labor is common, families may have more children for economic support.
  38. Political Stability: Stable governments promote population growth by providing security and services.
  39. Health Education: Knowledge about health and family planning helps manage population growth.
  40. Cultural Norms on Family Size: Societies with cultural emphasis on large families will likely see faster population growth.
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Appraisal of Government Population Policy in Nigeria
  1. National Population Policy (1988): The policy aimed to slow population growth by promoting family planning.
  2. Family Planning Initiatives: Nigeria’s government has promoted family planning to reduce birth rates.
  3. Population Growth Goals: Nigeria’s population policy aims to achieve sustainable population growth.
  4. Reducing Fertility Rates: The policy promotes lower fertility rates to manage the country’s rapid population growth.
  5. Public Awareness Programs: Government programs raise awareness on family planning and population issues.
  6. Focus on Maternal Health: Nigeria’s population policy includes improving maternal health to reduce mortality rates.
  7. Encouraging Smaller Family Size: The policy encourages families to have fewer children.
  8. Combating Infant Mortality: Reducing infant mortality is part of the policy to encourage smaller families.
  9. Women’s Education: Policies promote women’s education, as educated women tend to have fewer children.
  10. Challenges with Implementation: Nigeria faces challenges in implementing population policies due to cultural and religious beliefs.
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Jamb(UTME) summaries/points to analyse the structure and distribution of population; Size and growth: over-population, under- population and optimum population;

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Here are 50 simple points that analyze the structure and distribution of population, including insights on population size and growth, as well as concepts like over-population, under-population, and optimum population:
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Structure and Distribution of Population
  1. Population Structure: Refers to the composition of a population, typically analyzed by age, gender, occupation, etc.
  2. Age Structure: Divides the population into different age groups, like children, working-age adults, and the elderly.
  3. Gender Distribution: Shows the ratio of males to females in a population.
  4. Dependency Ratio: Measures the number of dependents (young and elderly) relative to the working-age population.
  5. Population Pyramid: A graphical representation that shows the age and gender structure of a population.
  6. Young Population: Populations with a high proportion of young people, common in many developing countries.
  7. Aging Population: Populations with a high proportion of elderly, often seen in developed countries.
  8. Urban vs. Rural Distribution: Shows the proportion of people living in cities compared to rural areas.
  9. High-Density Areas: Regions where many people live per unit area, such as major cities.
  10. Low-Density Areas: Regions with fewer people per unit area, typically rural or remote areas.
  11. Ethnic Composition: The variety of ethnic groups within a population.
  12. Educational Structure: Distribution of education levels within a population.
  13. Occupational Structure: The types of jobs and industries that people in the population work in.
  14. Income Distribution: Examines how income is spread across different groups within the population.
  15. Housing Distribution: The availability and type of housing in urban vs. rural areas.
  16. Economic Dependency: High dependency on a small working population can strain resources.
  17. Migration Patterns: Population distribution is affected by people moving from one region to another.
  18. Population Clusters: People tend to concentrate in certain areas, like coastal cities or fertile agricultural lands.
  19. Gender Imbalance: In some regions, there is a noticeable difference between the number of men and women.
  20. Health Structure: The general health conditions, life expectancy, and healthcare access in a population.
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Size and Growth of Population
  1. Population Size: Refers to the total number of people in a given area, like a country or city.
  2. Population Growth Rate: Measures how fast a population is increasing or decreasing over time.
  3. Birth Rate: The number of births per 1,000 people per year, which contributes to population growth.
  4. Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people per year, which affects the population size.
  5. Natural Increase: Population growth that occurs when birth rates exceed death rates.
  6. Migration Impact: Inward migration increases population size, while outward migration reduces it.
  7. Doubling Time: The time it takes for a population to double in size at a given growth rate.
  8. Exponential Growth: When population grows rapidly, often seen in countries with high birth rates and low death rates.
  9. Population Decline: When death rates exceed birth rates or migration outpaces in-migration, leading to a shrinking population.
  10. Life Expectancy Impact: Higher life expectancy increases population size as people live longer.
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Over-Population
  1. Definition of Over-Population: When the population exceeds the resources available, causing strain on resources and services.
  2. Signs of Over-Population: High unemployment, insufficient housing, traffic congestion, and pollution.
  3. Resource Strain: Over-population leads to depletion of resources like food, water, and energy.
  4. Environmental Degradation: Overuse of resources leads to environmental damage, like deforestation and water pollution.
  5. Lower Quality of Life: Over-population can reduce living standards due to limited access to services and resources.
  6. Increased Poverty: Over-populated areas often have higher poverty rates as resources are spread thin.
  7. Pressure on Infrastructure: Public services like hospitals, schools, and transportation systems become overburdened.
  8. Health Risks: Overcrowding and pollution in over-populated areas lead to health issues and disease outbreaks.
  9. Education Challenges: Over-population strains educational resources, resulting in crowded classrooms and lower-quality education.
  10. Economic Impacts: Over-population can hinder economic growth as more resources are needed to support basic services.
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Under-Population
  1. Definition of Under-Population: When there are not enough people to fully utilize available resources and economic potential.
  2. Abundant Resources: In under-populated areas, resources may be plentiful but remain underutilized.
  3. High Cost of Services: With fewer people, it is more expensive to provide services like healthcare and education.
  4. Labor Shortages: Under-populated areas may lack enough workers to support industries and economic growth.
  5. Slow Economic Growth: Under-population can slow down economic progress due to a limited workforce.
  6. Isolation and Inaccessibility: Under-populated regions are often rural or remote, making infrastructure development challenging.
  7. Aging Population Issues: Under-populated areas may experience an aging population, leading to more dependents than workers.
  8. Government Incentives: Some under-populated areas offer incentives to attract new residents and businesses.
  9. Reduced Tax Revenue: Fewer people means less tax income, making it hard to fund public services.
  10. Risk of Depopulation: Continued low birth rates and high emigration can lead to a cycle of further population decline.
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Optimum Population
  1. Definition of Optimum Population: The ideal population size that maximizes resource use and achieves the highest quality of life.
  2. Balance of Resources and People: An optimum population ensures that resources are used efficiently without strain.
  3. Economic Efficiency: With an optimum population, there are enough workers to support industries and economic growth.
  4. Sustainable Development: Optimum population supports sustainable use of resources for future generations.
  5. Higher Living Standards: An ideal population size allows access to healthcare, education, and other services.
  6. Full Utilization of Resources: An optimum population makes the best use of resources without wastage.
  7. Equitable Distribution: Optimum population supports fair access to resources and reduces poverty.
  8. Environmental Balance: A balanced population reduces environmental degradation by preventing overuse of resources.
  9. Stable Population Growth: Optimum population maintains stable growth that matches resource availability.
  10. Goal of Population Policies: Many governments aim for an optimum population to promote economic and social development.
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    If you are a prospective Jambite and you think this post is resourceful enough, I enjoin you to express your view in the comment box below. I wish you success ahead. Remember to also give your feedback on how you think we can keep improving our articles and posts.
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