Commerce syllabus for Jamb

Jamb syllabus for Commerce topic 1 to 5

1. Commerce

• Meaning and scope
• Characteristics
• Functions
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2. occupation

• Meaning and importance
• Types (industrial, commercial and services)
• Factors that determine choice of occupation
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3. Production

• Factors, characteristics and rewards (land, labour, capital and entrepreneur)
• Division of Labour and specialization
• Types (primary, secondary and tertiary)
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4. Trade

1. RETAIL TRADE:

• Types of retailers
• Functions of retailers
• Factors to be considered in setting up retail trade
• Trends in retailing (branding, self service, vending machines, the use of luncheon furl vouchers, etc)
• Advantages and disadvantages of retailers

2. WHOLESALE TRADE:

• Types of wholesalers (merchant, agent, general etc)
• Functions of wholesalers
• Advantages and disadvantages of wholesalers
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  Foreign trade

1. Basic issues in foreign trade (balance of trade, balance of payments and counter trade)
2. Procedures and documents used in export, import and entrepot trade
3. Barriers to international trade
4. Role of Customs and Excise Authorith, Ports Authority, etc in foreign trade
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5. Purchase and sale of Goods

1. Procedure and docmentation (enquiry, quotation, order, invoice, proforma invoice, statement of accounts
   indent, consular invoice, bill of lading, certificate of origin, consignment note, etc)
2. Terms of trade (trade discount, quality discount, cash discount, warranties, C.O.D., C.I.F., F.O.B., and E.O.E. etc)
3. Terms of payments:

• Cash-Legal tender
• Credit - Types and functions, merits and demerits
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Aids-to-trade

1. Advertising:

• Types and median
• Advantages and disadvantages

2. Banking:

• Types of bank
• services
• Challenges

3. Communication:

• Process and Procedure
• Types
• Trends
• Merits and demerits
• Barriers

4. Insurance:

• Types
• Principles
• Terms
• Importance

5. Tourism:

• Importance
• Agencies that promote tourism in Nigeria
• Challenges

6. Transportation:

• Modes
• Importance
• Advantages and disadvantages

7. Warehousing:

• Importance
• Types and function
• Factors to be considered in siting a warehouse
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7. Business unit

1. Forms and features (Sole proprietorship, Partnership, Limited Liability Companies, Public Corporation. Cooperative Societies, etc)
2. Registration of businesses
3. Business Mergers
4. Determination of choice of business units
5. Dissolution and liquidation
6. Merits and demerits
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8. Financing Business

1. Sources of finance (personal savings, sale of shares and bonds, loans, debentures, mortgage, bank overdraft, ploughing back of profit, credit purchase, leasing, etc)
2. Types of capital (share cpital, capital owned, authorized capital, issued capital, called up capital, paid-up capital, liquid capital, working capital and wonwer's equity)
3. Calculation of forms of capital, profits (gross and net) and turnover
4. Problems of sourcing finance
5. The role of Bureau de change in an economy
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9. Trade Associations

1. Objectives and functions of trade and manufacturer's association (Cocoa Farmers' Association, Garri Sellers' Association, Poultry Farmers' Association. etc)
2. Objectives and functions of Chambers of Commerce
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10. Money

1. Evolution
2. Forms and Qualities
3. Functions
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11. Stock Exchange

1. Importance and functions
2. Types of securities (Stocks, Shares, bonds, debentures etc)
3. Procedures of transactions and speculations
4. Second-Tier Securities Market, (Listing requirements, types of companies for the market, advantages and operating regulations of the market)
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12. Elements of Business management

1. Functions (planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating, motivating , communicating, controlling etc)
2. Principles (span of control, unity of command, delegation of authority, etc)
3. Organizational structure (line, line and staff, functional, matrix and committee)
4. Functional areas of business (production, marketing, finance and personnel)
5. Business resources (man, money, materials, machines and opportunities/goodwill)
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13. Elements of marketing

1. Importance and Functional
2. The marketing concept (consumer orientation, customer satisfaction, integrated marketing etc)
3. Marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion)
4. Market Segmentation
5. Public relations and Customer service
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14. Legal Aspects of Business

1. Meaning and validity of a simple contract
2. Agency, sale of Goods Act and Hire Purchase Act
3. Contract of employment
4. Government regulations of business (registration of business, patents, trademarks, copyrights etc)
5. Consumer protection (Government legislation, Standards Organization Trade Descriptions Act, Consumer Protection Council, NAFDAC, NDLEA, Customs and Excise, etc)
6. Regulatory Agencies
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15. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

1. Computer:

• Appreciation and application
• Types and function
• Merits and demerits
• Challenges

2. Terms (Internet, Intranet, browsing, password, e-mail, google, yahoo, search, Local Area Network, etc)
3. Activities:

• e-commerce
• e-banking
• e-business
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16. Business Environment and Social responsibility

1. Legal, political, economic, social, cultural, technological environments, etc
2. Safe products, philanthropic and societal consideration
3. Types and implication of pollution (water, air, land etc)
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